This recipe book is written in a foreign language – mRNA copies what is written without understanding it. It uses certain pieces of code as bookmarks to find the right page. The enzyme RNA polymerase opens the DNA recipe book that sits inside the cell nucleus. Our DNA does not code for lipids or carbohydrates – it only codes for polypeptides. From the keratin in your hair and fingernails to the hormones that run through your bloodstream, polypeptides and proteins are the foundation stones of every structure. All of these individual parts are polypeptides.
#Systhist define how to#
This book lists the instructions that show a cell how to make every tiny part of every system, organ, and tissue within our bodies. Understanding protein synthesis is easy when we imagine our DNA as a recipe book.
However, the term ‘protein synthesis’ is used even in the scientific community and is not incorrect. These polypeptides may or may not fold into proteins at a later stage. Polypeptide chains are formed during the translation process of protein synthesis. When a polypeptide chain folds, it is called a protein. Larger chains must package themselves more tightly they fold into fixed structures – secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Smaller chains of amino acids – usually less than forty – remain as single-chain strands and are called polypeptides. The difference between a protein and a polypeptide is the form. All proteins are polypeptides but not all polypeptides are proteins however, both proteins and polypeptides are composed of amino acid monomers. When speaking of protein synthesis it is important to make a distinction between polypeptide chains and proteins. The order in which the beads are strung are copied from instructions in our DNA. You can picture a polypeptide chain as a string of beads, with each bead playing the part of an amino acid. This chain is called a polymer or polypeptide and is constructed according to a DNA-based code. The result of protein synthesis is a chain of amino acids that have been attached, link by link, in a specific order.
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